BUSINESS OWNERS
The Five Ds: Risks Every Business Owner Should Prepare For
From the Book
Two-Comma Wealth: Investment, Tax, and Estate Strategies to Consider When Your Net Worth Exceeds a Million Dollars
By George Stefanou, CFP®, CPWA®, CEPA®
Chapter: Chapter 8: Maximizing Two-Comma Wealth for Business Owners
Section: The Five Ds: D-Fending Your Business Against Life’s Unpredictable Events
Excerpted from Two-Comma Wealth: Investment, Tax, and Estate Strategies to Consider When Your Net Worth Exceeds a Million Dollars, published April 15, 2025.
The planning principles discussed here are intended to be enduring, but tax laws, retirement rules, Medicare thresholds, estate and business laws, investment conditions, and other regulations can change over time. Any specific thresholds, limits, ages, tax brackets, or regulatory references should be understood in the context of the book’s publication date and verified against current rules before being applied. Ellipses indicate where portions of the original text have been omitted for length, relevance, or durability. This material is for educational purposes and is not individualized investment, tax, legal, insurance, Medicare, valuation, or transaction advice.
“As a business owner, you’re likely focused on the future, always moving toward that next goal or new opportunity. But sometimes, the best offense is a good defense. Life has a way of throwing unexpected challenges at us, ones that even the most well-thought-out plans can’t always anticipate. [...] The reality is we’ve all heard of these risks, but many business owners are convinced ‘it won’t happen to me’ or feel they simply don’t have the time to address issues that seem so unlikely. But hope alone isn’t a strategy, and when these events do strike, having a plan in place can make all the difference.
[...]
Known in exit planning as the ‘Five Ds’—death, disability, divorce, disagreement, and distress—these challenges can derail even the best-laid plans if left unaddressed. Let’s look at real-world examples of business owners who faced each of these scenarios and explore the practical D-Fense strategies that can safeguard your two-comma wealth and keep your business on solid ground.”
1. Death: Ensuring Continuity Beyond Yourself
“D-Fense Strategy
SUCCESSION PLAN: Identify and train a successor to step in if you’re no longer there, whether it’s a trusted employee or family member.
BUY-SELL AGREEMENT: This agreement allows for a smooth transfer of ownership to a business partner or key employee.
By proactively planning for continuity, you protect the business you’ve built and ensure it continues fueling your two-comma wealth, even in your absence.”
2. Disability: Securing Operational Resilience When You’re Sidelined
“D-Fense Strategy
DELEGATED AUTHORITY: Assigning power of attorney to a trusted employee or partner ensures critical decisions can still be made in your absence.
DOCUMENTED PROCESSES: By documenting client workflows and key operations, Maria could have equipped her team to maintain services effectively, preventing client loss and preserving revenue.
Ensuring your business can continue without you safeguards your two-comma wealth from the unpredictable and preserves your income stream.”
3. Divorce: Shielding Your Business from Personal Division
“D-Fense Strategy
CLEAR FINANCIAL BOUNDARIES: Separate personal and business finances to make asset division simpler and to protect your company.
BUY-SELL AGREEMENT WITH DIVORCE PROVISIONS: A buy-sell agreement with a divorce clause would allow Greg’s business partner to buy out his ex-spouse’s share, preserving the company’s stability and structure.
By planning ahead for life’s disruptions, you protect the business that fuels your two-comma wealth from personal challenges.”
4. Disagreement: Preventing Internal Conflict from Derailing Your Business
“D-Fense Strategy
OPERATING AGREEMENT: Define roles, responsibilities, and decision-making authority in an operating agreement to prevent power struggles and clarify roles.
REGULAR COMMUNICATION: Structured meetings to discuss business goals can help partners stay aligned and address conflicts before they escalate.
Proactively preparing for disagreements protects the business that’s driving your two-comma wealth from being sidetracked by conflict.”
5. Distress: Building Financial Resilience Against Economic and Operational Shocks
“D-Fense Strategy
EMERGENCY FUND: Establishing a reserve fund to cover several months of essential expenses would have provided Paul with a financial buffer, allowing him to retain staff and keep the restaurant operating in a limited capacity during the crisis.
REVENUE DIVERSIFICATION: If Paul had added alternative revenue sources—such as online cooking classes, meal kits, or a delivery menu—he could have continued engaging with customers and generating income, creating a more resilient business model less dependent on dine-in service.
BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN: A continuity plan would have helped Paul quickly pivot to takeout and outdoor dining options, retaining a portion of his customer base and minimizing financial losses.
With a plan to weather unexpected distress, you create a business resilient enough to protect your two-comma wealth from sudden downturns.”
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About George Stefanou, CFP®, CPWA®, CEPA®
George Stefanou is the author of Two-Comma Wealth and founder of Stefanou Wealth Management. A financial advisor since 2009, he helps families navigate investment strategy, retirement income, tax considerations, and estate and legacy planning. Through his writing, George helps readers make more informed decisions about preserving, using, and transferring the wealth they have worked hard to build.